In Ancient Egypt, faience was a material commonly used to produce a wide variety of objects. Today, it is mainly associated with small, blue-green exhibits found in museum displays. However, for the ancient Egyptians, faience was more than just a utilitarian material. During the excavations carried out by the Polish-Slovak Archaeological Mission at the Tell el-Retaba site in northeastern Egypt in the 2017-2023 seasons, several dozen faience artifacts were discovered. All the objects made of faience were found in a settlement dating back to the Third Intermediate Period. Analysis of these finds confirms that, in addition to its practical function, faience may have had symbolic or ritual properties. But can the material itself tell us more about the community that inhabited the Tell el-Retaba settlement at the beginning of the 1st millennium BCE?
Aida, often referred to as an “Egyptian opera,” became a classic almost immediately after its premiere in 1871. Initially, it was intended to grace the celebrations marking the opening of the Suez Canal, but ultimately this plan did not come to fruition – more than two years passed between the inauguration of the Canal and the first performance of Aida. Set in ancient Egypt, it continues to attract thousands of viewers, fascinated by the tragic story of the main character and the stunning music by Giuseppe Verdi. Few people know that the “archaeological” character of this opera was the work of a man whose name is now known to every enthusiast of ancient Egypt – the French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette (1821–1881).
It is often difficult for us to imagine what everyday life was like in ancient times. We fantasize about the past, romanticize its image, and create visions of mystical, incomprehensible rituals. We also often see it through the prism of wars and elite culture. Meanwhile, our ancestors most likely had similar needs and functioned in a similar way to us. A good example of this similarity in experience is the use of ceramic vessels. Just as we cook in pots (admittedly metal ones today) and drink from cups, the ancient Egyptians used specific vessels for specific purposes.
Deir al-Surian